Describe characteristics of network topology architecture

Network topology refers to the physical or logical layout of a computer network. Different network topology architectures have distinct characteristics that affect the overall performance, scalability, fault tolerance, and cost of a network.

Here are some common network topology architectures and their key characteristics:

Bus Topology

• All devices are connected to a central cable called a "bus."
• Devices share the same communication medium.
• Easy to implement and requires less cabling.
• Susceptible to single point failures and collisions.

Star Topology

• All devices are connected to a central device, such as a switch or hub.
• Each device has a dedicated connection to the central device.
• Failure of a single connection does not affect other devices.
• Scalable and easy to manage but can be expensive due to additional cabling.

Ring Topology

• Devices are connected in a closed loop or ring formation.
• Data travels in one direction around the ring.
• Each device acts as a repeater to maintain signal integrity.
• Failure of a single device or connection can disrupt the entire network.

Mesh Topology

• Each device is connected to every other device in the network.
• Offers multiple redundant paths for data transmission.
• High fault tolerance and can quickly recover from failures.
• Requires a significant amount of cabling and complex configuration.

Tree (Hierarchical) Topology

• Combination of bus and star topologies.
• Devices are organized in a hierarchical structure, resembling a tree.
• Multiple levels of network devices, such as switches or hubs, are interconnected.
• Allows for scalability, easy management, and better fault isolation.

Hybrid Topology

• Combination of two or more different topology architectures.
• Used to achieve specific network requirements and optimize performance.
• Can combine the advantages of different topologies while mitigating their limitations.
• Requires careful planning and configuration.